leading figures

valadermer propps character-led narrative:

propps starts with the characters rather than the narrative, letting the characters develop the plot, the narrative is created through the story's characters.

propp finds patterns within narratives saying that these things are common however he is not saying that the patterns are always there.

 one of propp's rules says that you cant break the rules until you know what the rules are.

propp gives us the first character (the hero) we find though many stories that there is almost always this character to lead the narrative (example sleeping beauty hero and luke skywalker) the hero will be sent on a quest to save something or find something out and it is this journey will become the plot.

opersite the hero you have the villain ( in fairy tales the villians are usally female)

the hero begins there quest where they will suddenly meet there first donor (eg:obi wan kenobi) the donor gives the hero something ether being physical or knowllage.

another person or thing the hero will meet are the helpers who help the hero but not by giving the hero anything physical however they move the story along.

the princess: the princess role is to be passive and to be rescued, holding back the plot until the hero arrives however this isnt always the case.

the dispatcher: is someone who sends the hero on the quest to save or find somthing.

the false hero: is the person that you think is going to save the day.

the false villain: this is someone you think is going to be evil but ends up being a bit of a hero (darth vader as he kills the emperor)

the hero's journey

for cambell the hero is usally male as the man needs to go on the journey because females already have the knowledge, the hero goes above and beyond normal achievement and be of lonely birth.(no parent figure) 

the hero will show them self to be of hirer birth. 

 the hero is judged by other members of the story and by us on the choices they have made though out the journey as they are not morally perfect. 

departure :

this is the beginning of the story (starts in a ordinary of an environment) 

call to adventure:

this is the call that the hero receives to go on the adventure.

refusal of the call:

when the hero refuses the first call to adventure (always has a good reason) 

acceptance of the call:

there is a turning point that makes the hero change there mind and goes on the quest.

supernatural aid or talisman:

they will be given something that they will need to use later on in the story.

the crossing of the first threshold:

crossing over from the ordinary world into the world of adventure.

threshold guardians:

an obstical to halt the crossing of the threshold 

belly of the whale:

the hero reaching the furthest point from normality. 

initiation:

meeting the goddess:

a form of enlightenment or wisdom 

the road of trials:

the obstetrical that stop the hero from continuing his or her quest. 

temptation from the path:

the temptation that draws the hero away from his goal.

atonement with the father:

apotheosis:

forfilment of destiny 

the return:
is the return of the hero back to the place where he started his or her quest, this might also be the hero returning to a sense of normality.
the hero however might not be able to return because of the changes that have under gone on the quest ether physically or mentally ( a good example of a mental barrier would be they now have a lust for adventure)